Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh
Mempelajari bahasa arab tentu tidak bisa dipisahkan dari mempelajari ilmu nahwu. Dalam pelajaran ilmu nahwu terdapat salah satu bab yang disebut dengan tawabi’. Tawabi’ yaitu isim-isim yang mengikuti isim sebelumnya dalam i’robnya.
Tawabi’ sendiri nantinya terbagi menjadi beberapa macam seperti, taukid, athaf, badal dan naat. Masing-masing tawabi’ memiliki kaidah-kaidah tersendiri yang berbeda-beda antara yang satu dengan yang lainnya.
Nah pada kesempatan kali ini kami akan mengulas sedikit materi yang berkaitan dengan athaf. Apa yang disebut dengan athaf, bagaimana pembahasannya? Simak terus pembahasan dibawah ini.
Pengertian Athaf العطف (Kata Sambung)
Athaf adalah kata yang mengikuti kata sebelumnya dengan adanya huruf perantara. Athaf disebut juga dengan kata sambung. Yaitu penyambungan dua kata atau lebih dengan menggunakan huruf athaf. Athaf mengikuti kata sebelumnya yang disebut dengan ma’thuf hanya dalam hal i’robnya, bukan dalam bentuk muanas atau mudzakkar, mufrod, tasniyah atau jamak.
[su_note note_color=”#f1f1f1″ radius=”10″]Baca Juga: Pengertian I’rob[/su_note]
Huruf Huruf Athaf
Dalam penyambungan dua kata tau lebih nantinya menggunakan huruf athaf sebagai perantaranya. Huruf-huruf athaf tersebut yaitu: و– ف – ثُمَّ – اَمْ – اَوْ – بَلْ – لَا – لَكِنْ – حَتَّى
Contoh Athaf Dan Artinya
- الواو : صَلَّى مُحَمَّدُ وَاِبْرَاهِيْمُ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ
(Muhammad dan Ibrahim sholat di masjid)
الواو mempunyai arti melakukan pekerjaan yang bersamaan.
اِبْرَاهِيْمُ (ma’thuf) dan مُحَمَّدُ (ma’thuf alaih).
- الفاء : خَرَجَ مِنَ الفَصْلِ اْلأُسْتاذُ فَالتَّلاَمِيْذُ (Guru keluar dari kelas kemudian siswa)
الفاء mempunyai arti melakukan pekerjaan setelahnya dalam waktu dekat. التَّلاَمِيْذُ (ma’thuf) اْلأُسْتاذُ (ma’thuf alaih).
- ثم : دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ اْلأَنْبِيَاءُ ثُمَّ الْمُؤْمِنُوْنَ
(Para Nabi masuk surga kemudian orang-orang mu’minin)
ثم mempunyai arti melakukan pekerjaan setelahnya secara berurutan dlm waktu yg tidak dekat. الْمُؤْمِنُوْنَ (ma’thuf) اْلأَنْبِيَاءُ (ma’thuf alaih).
- أو : اِقْرَأْ فِي المَكْتَبَةِ الجَرِيْدَةَ أَو الْمَجَلَّةَ (Bacalah koran atau majalah diperpustakaan)
أو mempunyai arti adanya dua pilihan yang boleh dipilih salah satunya الْمَجَلَّةَ (ma’thuf) atau الجَرِيْدَةَ (ma’thuf alaih).
- أم : غَدًاأَ كِتَابًا تَشْتَرِي أَمْ قَلَمًا (Apakah buku atau pena yang kamu beli besok ?)
أم mempunyai arti perlunya kejelasan yang dimaksud apakah قَلَمًا (ma’thuf) atau كِتَابًا (ma’thuf alaih)].
- لا :فِي حَيَاتِهِ يَنْجَحُ الْمُجْتَهِدُ لاَ الْكَسْلاَنُ
(Orang yang bersungguh-sungguh di dalam hidupnya akan sukses bukan orang malas)
لا mempunyai arti bahwa yang dimaksudkan adalahالْمُجْتَهِدُ (ma’thuf alaih) bukan الْكَسْلاَنُ (ma’thuf).
- بل :فِي كُلِّ حَالٍلاَ تُصَاحِبْ الْكَسْلاَنَ بَل الْمُجْتَهِدَ (Janganlah berteman dengan orang yang malas, melainkan orang yang sungguh-sungguh dalam segala hal)
بل mempunyai arti bahwa yang dimaksudkan bukanlah الْكَسْلاَنُ (ma’thuf alaih), tapi الْمُجْتَهِدَ (ma’thuf).
- لكن : مَا قَرَأَ اِدْرِيْسُ المَجَلَّةَ لَكِنْ القُرْآنَ
(Idris tidak membaca majalah melainkan membaca al Qur’an)
لكن mempunyai arti bahwa yang dimaksudkan bukanlah الدَّرْسَ (ma’thuf alaih), tapi القُرْآنَ (ma’thuf).
- حتى : أَكَلْتُ السَّمَكَ حَتَّى رَأْسَهُ (Saya makan ikan hingga kepalanya)
حتى mempunyai arti hingga bahwa yang dimaksudkan pada kalimat di atas ialah makan ikan hingga kepalanya.السَّمَكَ (ma’thuf alaih), رَأْسَهُ (ma’thuf).
Jadi yang disebut dengan ma’thuf ialah kata yang menyambung. Sedangkan kata yang disambungi atau diikuti disebut dengan ma’thuf ‘alaih. Huruf yang digunakan untuk menyambungkan disebut dengan huruf athaf.
[su_note note_color=”#f1f1f1″ radius=”10″]Baca Juga: Huruf Jer[/su_note]
Demikian pembahasan yang dapat kami sampaikan. Kami mohon maaf bila terdapat kesamaan baik dalam contoh atau keterangan yang kami berikan. Mengingat adanya kesamaan sumber yang kami gunakan dalam penulisan artikel ini.
Semoga bermanfaat dan maslahat untuk kita semuanya baik di dunia ataupun di akhirat kelak. Amin ya rabbal ‘alamin. Wassalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh
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